Ua wehewehe ʻo Solar i ka photovoltaics a me ka uila

Hoʻololi nā pūnaewele photovoltaic i ka lā i uila

ʻO ke kelepona paʻi kiʻi kiʻi (PV), i kapa ʻia ʻo ka solar cell, kahi mea hana ʻole e hoʻololi pololei i ka lā i uila. Hiki i kekahi mau pūnaewele PV ke hoʻololi i ke kukui artificial i uila.

Lawe nā kiʻi i ka ikehu lā

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka mālamalama o ka lā me nā photon, a i ʻole nā ​​​​particle o ka ikehu lā. Loaʻa i kēia mau kiʻi kiʻi ka nui o ka ikehu e pili ana i nā lōʻihi nalu like ʻole o ka

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ʻO ke kahe o ka uila

ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o nā electrons, kēlā me kēia me ka hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ʻole, i mua o ka ʻili o ke kelepona e hana i kahi kaulike ʻole o ka hoʻoili uila ma waena o ka ʻaoʻao mua a me hope. ʻO kēia ʻano kaulike ʻole, e hoʻokumu i kahi mana uila e like me nā hopena maikaʻi ʻole a maikaʻi o kahi pākaukau. Hoʻopili nā mea hoʻokele uila ma ke kelepona i nā electrons. Ke hoʻohui ʻia nā mea hoʻokele i kahi kaapuni uila i kahi haʻahaʻa o waho, e like me ka pākaukau, kahe ka uila i ke kaapuni.

ʻOkoʻa ka pono o nā ʻōnaehana photovoltaic e ke ʻano o ka ʻenehana photovoltaic

ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā cell PV i ka lā i ka uila e like me ke ʻano o ka semiconductor material a me PV cell technology. ʻO ka maikaʻi o nā modula PV i loaʻa ma ke kālepa i emi iho ma lalo o 10% i ka waena o nā makahiki 1980, ua hoʻonui ʻia ma kahi o 15% i ka makahiki 2015, a ke kokoke nei i 20% no nā modules hou. ʻO nā pūnaewele PV hoʻokolohua a me nā pūnaewele PV no nā mākeke niche, e like me nā satelite ākea, ua loaʻa i kahi kokoke i 50% ka maikaʻi.

Pehea e hana ai nā ʻōnaehana photovoltaic

ʻO ke kelepona PV ke kahua kūkulu kumu o kahi ʻōnaehana PV. Hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka nui o kēlā me kēia cell mai kahi 0.5 ʻīniha a hiki i 4 ʻīniha ke ākea. Eia nō naʻe, hoʻokahi kelepona e hoʻopuka wale i 1 a i ʻole 2 Watts, ʻo ia wale nō ka lawa o ka uila no nā hoʻohana liʻiliʻi, e like me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā calculators a i ʻole nā ​​wati lima.

Hoʻopili uila ʻia nā kelepona PV i loko o kahi module PV i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a paʻa i ka wā. ʻOkoʻa ka nui o nā modula PV a me ka nui o ka uila hiki iā lākou ke hana. Hoʻonui ʻia ka mana hana uila PV module me ka nui o nā cell i loko o ka module a i ʻole ma ka ʻili o ka module. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā modula PV i nā hui e hana i kahi ʻano PV. Hiki ke hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi pūʻulu PV i ʻelua a i ʻole haneli o nā modula PV. ʻO ka helu o nā modula PV i hoʻohui ʻia i kahi ʻano PV e hoʻoholo i ka nui o ka uila e hiki ai i ka array ke hana.

Hoʻopuka nā pūnaewele Photovoltaic i ka uila o kēia manawa (DC). Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia uila DC no ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i nā ʻaʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā mea mana e hoʻohana i ka uila o kēia manawa. Ma kahi kokoke i nā uila āpau e hoʻolako ʻia e like me ke ʻano ʻokoʻa (AC) i nā ʻōnaehana uila a me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolaha. Kāhea ʻia nā mea hana

ʻO nā pūnaewele PV a me nā modules e hoʻopuka i ka nui o ka uila ke kū pono lākou i ka lā. Hiki i nā modula PV a me nā arrays ke hoʻohana i nā ʻōnaehana nānā e hoʻoneʻe i nā modula e kū mau i ka lā, akā he kumukūʻai kēia mau ʻōnaehana. Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā ʻōnaehana PV i nā modula i kahi kūlana paʻa me nā modula e kū pono ana i ka hema (ma ka ʻāpana ʻākau akau i ka ʻaoʻao hema) a ma kahi kihi e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana kino a me ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka ʻōnaehana.

Hoʻohui ʻia nā pūnaewele photovoltaic solar i loko o nā panela (modules), a hiki ke hui pū ʻia nā panela i loko o nā ʻano like ʻole e hana ai i ka uila liʻiliʻi a nui, e like me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā puna wai no ka wai holoholona, ​​no ka hoʻolako ʻana i ka uila no nā hale, a i ʻole no ka pono- unahi uila.

Puna: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (kuleana kope)

Nā noi o nā ʻōnaehana photovoltaic

ʻO nā ʻōnaehana photovoltaic liʻiliʻi loa nā helu mana a me nā wati. Hiki i nā ʻōnaehana nui ke hāʻawi i ka uila no ka pamu wai, i nā lako kamaʻilio uila, e hoʻolako i ka uila no kahi home hoʻokahi a ʻoihana paha, a i ʻole e hana i nā ʻāpana nui e hoʻolako i ka uila i nā tausani o nā mea kūʻai uila.

ʻO kekahi mau pono o nā ʻōnaehana PV

â¢Hiki i nā ʻōnaehana PV ke hāʻawi i ka uila ma nā wahi i loaʻa ʻole nā ​​ʻōnaehana hoʻohele uila (laina uila), a hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i ka uila i kahi
â¢Hiki ke hoʻokomo koke ʻia nā papa hana PV a hiki ke ʻano nui.
â¢He liʻiliʻi loa nā hopena kaiapuni o nā ʻōnaehana PV ma nā hale.

Puna: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (kuleana kope)

Puna: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (kuleana kope)

Moolelo o photovoltaics

Ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka cell PV pono mua ma 1954 e nā mea noiʻi Bell Telephone. E hoʻomaka ana i ka hopena o nā makahiki 1950, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā kelepona PV e mana i nā satelite lewa US. Ma ka hopena o nā makahiki 1970, ua hāʻawi nā panela PV i ka uila ma kahi mamao, a i ʻole

Manaʻo ka U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka uila i hana ʻia ma nā mea kanu mana PV ponoʻī mai 76 miliona kilowatthours (kWh) i 2008 a i 69 biliona (kWh) i 2019. Loaʻa nā mea kanu uila ma kahi o 1,000 kilowatts (a i ʻole). hoʻokahi megawatt) o ka mana hana uila. Manaʻo ʻo EIA he 33 biliona kWh i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā ʻōnaehana PV pili pūnaewele liʻiliʻi i ka makahiki 2019, mai ka 11 biliona kWh i ka makahiki 2014. ʻO nā ʻōnaehana PV liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi nā ʻōnaehana i emi iho ma mua o hoʻokahi megawatt o ka mana hana uila. Aia ka hapa nui ma nā hale a kapa ʻia i kekahi manawa